[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=”Engineering and optimising barium cerate-supported cobalt catalyst for ammonia synthesis, %22Catalysis Science & Technology%22″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Ronduda H., Lema\u0144ska M., Ulkowska U., Patkowski W., Bulejak W., Ostrowski A., Sikorski J., Sobczak K., Ojrzy\u0144ska M., Moszy\u0144ski D., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Engineering and optimising barium cerate-supported cobalt catalyst for ammonia synthesis, \u201eCatalysis Science & Technology\u201d, 2026.<\/p>\n
DOI:<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong> [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”Carbon-free hydrogen production via plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition over 3D-printed Fe\/Al2O3 catalyst, %22Chemical Engineering and Processing – Process Intensification%22″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Bulejak W., Borowicz J., Ronduda H., Seredy\u0144ska B., Lema\u0144ska M., Ta\u0144ska J., Wieci\u0144ski P., Sikorski J., M\u0142otek M., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Carbon-free hydrogen production via plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition over 3D-printed Fe\/Al\u2082O\u2083\u00a0catalyst, \u201eChemical Engineering and Processing – Process Intensification\u201d, 2026, t.225, s. 110815.<\/p>\n DOI:<\/strong> Highlights<\/strong> Keywords<\/strong> [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”Development of BaO\/Nd2O3\/Co catalyst for efficient hydrogen-based fuels production via inverse design strategy, %22Journal of CO2 Utilization%22″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ronduda H., Patkowski W., M\u0142otek M., Truszkiewicz E., Ostrowski A., Sobczak K., Ma\u0142olepszy A., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Development of BaO\/Nd<\/span>2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/span>3<\/sub><\/span>\/Co catalyst for efficient hydrogen-based fuels production via inverse design strategy, \u201eJournal of CO2<\/sub><\/span> Utilization\u201d, 2026, t.105, s. 103350.<\/p>\n DOI:<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong> Highlights<\/strong> Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”Influence of lanthanide oxide supports on the performance of barium-promoted cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis, \u201eCatalysis Today\u201d” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Patkowski W., Zybert M., Ulkowska U., Ronduda H., Bulejak W., Lema\u0144ska M., Albrecht A., Moszy\u0144ski D., Fidler A., D\u0142u\u017cewski P., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Influence of lanthanide oxide supports on the performance of barium-promoted cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis, \u201eCatalysis Today\u201d, 2026, t.463, s. 1\u201312.<\/p>\n DOI:<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong> Highlights<\/strong> Keywords<\/strong> [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”Role of the active metal (Fe, Co and Ni) on the activity of Nd2O3-supported catalysts for ammonia synthesis, \u201eCatalysis Today\u201d” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ronduda H., Lema\u0144ska M., Patkowski W., Ostrowski A., Sobczak K., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Role of the active metal (Fe, Co and Ni) on the activity of Nd2<\/sub><\/span>O3<\/sub><\/span>-supported catalysts for ammonia synthesis, \u201eCatalysis Today\u201d, 2026, t.461, s. 1\u201311.<\/p>\n DOI:<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n Nd\u2082O\u2083-supported Fe, Co, and Ni monometallic catalysts were synthesised and used in the ammonia synthesis reaction. The effect of active metal on the physicochemical and catalytic properties was investigated using, e.g.,<\/em> TPR, TPD, XRD, and STEM. The results showed that the kind of active metal used is the factor determining the catalytic activity in ammonia synthesis. The highest ammonia formation rate was exhibited by Co\/Nd\u2082O\u2083, whereas the highest intrinsic reaction rate (reflected as the TOF value) was shown by Fe\/Nd\u2082O\u2083. Ni\/Nd\u2082O\u2083 showed almost no activity in ammonia synthesis. The high ammonia formation rate observed for Co\/Nd\u2082O\u2083\u00a0was attributable to the well-distributed Co nanoparticles (NPs) on the Nd\u2082O\u2083\u00a0support. The Co NPs were less prone to sintering than Fe NPs under reaction conditions. Thus, although showing lower TOF than Fe NPs, the better distribution of Co NPs resulted in an improved ammonia formation rate. These findings highlight the importance of rational catalyst design for improving ammonia synthesis efficiency.<\/p>\n Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n Ammonia synthesis; Supported catalysts; Iron; Cobalt; Nickel<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Aleo||||||||” text_text_shadow_style=”preset2″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=”Enhanced ammonia synthesis over barium cerate-supported cobalt catalyst by rare-earth element doping, \u201eCatalysis Today\u201d” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ronduda H., Lema\u0144ska M., Ulkowska U., Patkowski W., Ostrowski A., Sobczak K., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Enhanced ammonia synthesis over barium cerate-supported cobalt catalyst by rare-earth element doping, \u201eCatalysis Today\u201d, 2025, t.456, s. 1\u201310.<\/p>\n DOI:<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n A series of BaCeO\u2083\u00a0doped with various rare-earth elements (REE = Nd, Sm, Gd) were synthesised and used as the supports for cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis. The effects of rare-earth dopant type and concentration on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities were studied using, e.g., XRD, STEM-EDX, and TPD techniques. Catalyst testing revealed that the optimal doping concentration was 10\u202fmol%, regardless of the rare-earth ion. Samarium was identified as the most effective dopant, followed by gadolinium and neodymium. The superior performance of the Co\/BaCe0.9<\/sub><\/span>REE0.1<\/sub><\/span>O3\u2013\u03b4<\/sub><\/span> catalysts was due to the incorporation of REE dopant into the BaCeO\u2083\u00a0structure, which increased the electron density, enabling efficient electron transfer from the support to the Co surface. This, in turn, facilitated the N\u2082\u00a0dissociative adsorption, recognised as the rate-determining step (RDS) of ammonia synthesis. In addition, the catalysts were characterised by favourable hydrogen adsorption properties (co-existence of weak and strong adsorption sites), contributing to the effective hydrogen activation under the reaction conditions. This study provides an effective approach for designing cobalt catalysts supported on perovskites, demonstrating their great potential as next-generation catalysts for ammonia synthesis.<\/p>\n Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n Ammonia synthesis; Cobalt catalysts; Perovskite supports; Doping; Rare-earth elements<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”Understanding the role of caesium additive in cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis, \u201eJournal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry\u201d” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ronduda H., Zybert M., Patkowski W., Lema\u0144ska M., Ostrowski A., Sobczak K., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Understanding the role of caesium additive in cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis, \u201eJournal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry\u201d, 2025.<\/p>\n DOI:<\/strong> <\/p>\n Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n Ammonia (NH3<\/sub><\/span>) is the second most produced chemical globally and is one of the largest chemical industries by volume. However, although being well-established, it requires high temperature and pressure conditions, which result in a large energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. To address this issue, the development of novel catalysts with high activity under mild reaction conditions has become a prominent area of research. Although the effect of Cs as the promoter for Fe and Ru catalysts has been well described, the effect of Cs doping on the Co catalyst performance in ammonia synthesis has not been well studied yet. Here, we studied the effect of Cs doping on the physicochemical properties and activity of the Co catalysts. It was found that caesium doping was detrimental to the catalytic activity. The ammonia synthesis rate decreased with the increasing amount of caesium added. The Cs species were not thermally stable and evaporated from the surface of the catalysts during the reductive activation. In addition, the Cs doping contributed to the catalyst sintering, resulting in the irreversible loss of active sites. This was the primary reason for the observed poor activity of the Cs-doped Co catalysts in ammonia synthesis.<\/p>\n Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n Ammonia; Ammonia synthesis; Catalyst; Cobalt catalyst; Caesium<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Aleo||||||||” text_text_shadow_style=”preset2″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=”Toward green ammonia synthesis – exploring the influence of lanthanide oxides as supports on the cobalt catalysts properties, \u201eJournal of CO2 Utilization\u201d” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Patkowski W., Zybert M., Ronduda H., Albrecht A., Moszy\u0144ski D., Fidler A., D\u0142u\u017cewski P., Mierzwa B., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Toward green ammonia synthesis – exploring the influence of lanthanide oxides as supports on the cobalt catalysts properties, \u201eJournal of CO2<\/sub><\/span> Utilization\u201d, 2024, t.80, s. 1\u201313.<\/p>\n DOI:<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n Nowadays, ammonia is viewed as the prospective green hydrogen fuel carrier. Yet, there still is a demand for active, energy-efficient NH3<\/sub><\/span> synthesis catalysts to make ammonia use economically viable. This paper studies and discusses lanthanide oxide-supported cobalt catalysts for low-pressure ammonia synthesis, which are intended to be a model for prototyping systems alternative to ruthenium-based catalysts. In the Co\/Ln2<\/sub><\/span>O3<\/sub><\/span> system, lanthanide oxide is a support and an electronic promoter. The electron density on the active phase\u2019s surface is increased through Strong Metal-Support Interactions and the formation of oxygen-deficient, Ln2<\/sub><\/span>O3\u2212x <\/sub><\/span>species capable of electron donation. In the systems, electronic promotion strength depends on the Ln3+<\/sup><\/span> cation and the support conductivity, catalyst Turnover Frequency and basicity increase exponentially with the increase of the Ln3+<\/sup><\/span> ionic radius. These dependencies enable the design of novel cobalt catalysts of specific properties and outline the prospects for their further development.<\/p>\n Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n Ammonia synthesis; Cobalt; Lanthanide oxide; SMSI; Electronic promotion<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”Cobalt catalysts for COx-free hydrogen production: Effect of catalyst type on ammonia decomposition in gliding discharge plasma reactor, \u201eJournal of CO2 Utilization\u201d” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ronduda H., M\u0142otek M., G\u00f3ral W., Zybert M., Ostrowski A., Sobczak K., Krawczyk K., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Cobalt catalysts for COx-free hydrogen production: Effect of catalyst type on ammonia decomposition in gliding discharge plasma reactor, \u201eJournal of CO2<\/sub><\/span> Utilization\u201d, 2024, t.82, s. 1\u201312.<\/p>\n DOI:<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n Hydrogen is considered the cleanest, most environmentally friendly fuel and energy carrier required for the gradual decarbonisation of many industrial sectors. Using ammonia as a Cox<\/sub><\/span>-free source of hydrogen is the most reasonable and most applicable method. This paper studies the properties and activity of cobalt catalysts in the ammonia decomposition reaction using a plasma-catalytic system. The effect of catalyst type (supported versus bulk) was evaluated. The catalysts were examined using XRD, STEM-EDX, and sorption techniques (N2<\/sub><\/span> physisorption, TGA-TPR, H2<\/sub><\/span>-TPD, CO2<\/sub><\/span>-TPD) to reveal the influence of physicochemical properties of these two types of catalysts on the efficiency of NH3<\/sub><\/span> decomposition in the plasma-catalytic process using a gliding discharge plasma. The results disclose that the supported-type catalyst (Ba-Co\/CeO2<\/sub><\/span>) decomposed NH3<\/sub><\/span> more effectively than the bulk-type catalyst (Co\/Ce\/Ba). At discharge power of 300\u202fW and flow rate of 180\u202fdm3<\/sup><\/span> h\u20131<\/sup><\/span> of NH3<\/sub><\/span>:N2<\/sub><\/span> mixture (50\/50\u202fvol%), the ammonia conversion over the Ba-Co\/CeO2<\/sub><\/span> catalyst was 70%, whereas over the Co\/Ce\/Ba catalyst it was only 21%. The favourable performance of the supported-type catalyst was attributed to a more thermally stable surface area compared with the bulk-type catalyst. Smaller and more stable cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) with numerous weak hydrogen adsorption sites were also seen. Meanwhile, the strong basic sites were generated, improving the electron-donating ability of the surface active sites. High ammonia conversion and relatively low-energy consumption of the plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition over Ba-Co\/CeO2<\/sub><\/span> make it suitable for practical hydrogen production applications, such as fuel cells and hydrogen storage.<\/p>\n Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n Ammonia; Ammonia decomposition; Plasma-catalyst interactions; Catalyst; Cobalt catalyst<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”Elucidating the role of potassium addition on the surface chemistry and catalytic properties of cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis, \u201eRSC Advances\u201d” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Catamaran|700|||||||” title_font_size=”16px” title_line_height=”1.4em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Ronduda H., Zybert M., Patkowski W., Ostrowski A., Sobczak K., Moszy\u0144ski D., Rar\u00f3g-Pilecka W., Elucidating the role of potassium addition on the surface chemistry and catalytic properties of cobalt catalysts for ammonia synthesis, \u201eRSC Advances\u201d, 2024, t.14, s. 23095\u201323108.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d5cy01610j<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/GA-puzzle-1024x576.png\")
<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ammonia synthesis under mild reaction conditions remains a key challenge to realising a carbon-free society. The development of efficient catalysts for ammonia synthesis is therefore of great interest nowadays. Here, the effects of the cobalt deposition method and loading on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of Sm-doped BaCeO\u2083-supported Co catalysts were systematically investigated. Catalysts were prepared by deposition\u2013precipitation, wet impregnation, and physical mixing methods. Depending on the method used, the catalyst properties varied in terms of chemisorptive properties and catalytic activity. The favourable activity observed for catalysts prepared by deposition\u2013precipitation and wet impregnation methods was attributed to a more diverse surface landscape that facilitates hydrogen and nitrogen adsorption and activation. Then, by using the deposition\u2013precipitation method, a series of catalysts with Co loadings from 10 to 50 wt% was synthesised. Catalytic testing revealed a clear dependence of activity on Co loading, with the highest reaction rate and intrinsic turnover frequency observed for the catalyst loaded with 40 wt% Co. This behaviour was explained not only by the greater number of adsorption sites but also by the structural sensitivity of cobalt in ammonia synthesis, where a diverse surface landscape with various adsorption sites improved the catalytic performance.<\/p>\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cep.2026.110815<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Graphical-Abstract-1024x576.png\")
Abstract<\/strong>
Additive manufacturing has emerged as a powerful tool for process intensification by enabling the fabrication of structured catalysts with precisely controlled geometries. In this work, a structured Fe\/Al\u2082O\u2083\u00a0catalyst was fabricated using Direct Ink Writing and evaluated for plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition in a gliding arc discharge reactor. The formulation and rheological behavior of alumina-based printing inks were investigated to find the maximum active phase loading achievable directly in the ink. To overcome these limitations, a decoupled fabrication strategy was employed in which catalyst shaping via DIW was followed by post-printing impregnation with an iron precursor. Thermal treatment protocols were designed based on TG\/DTA analysis.
Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of mesoporous structured catalyst with accessible and reducible iron species. The structured 3D-printed Fe\/Al\u2082O\u2083\u00a0(3D) catalyst exhibited enhanced ammonia conversion in comparison to a reference Fe\/Al\u2082O\u2083\u00a0(R) catalyst prepared by conventional wet impregnation of powdered alumina. The improved performance was attributed to enhanced plasma-catalyst interaction and favorable reactor-scale effects enabled by the structured geometry. The results highlight additive manufacturing as an effective process intensification strategy for plasma-assisted ammonia decomposition and demonstrate the potential of structured, non-noble metal catalysts for compact and efficient hydrogen production systems.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Successful DIW fabrication of structured Fe\/Al\u2082O\u2083\u00a0catalysts for NH\u2083\u00a0decomposition.
\u2022 Post-printing impregnation enabled intensified active-phase incorporation.
\u2022 3D-printing enables fabrication of structured catalysts for plasma-assisted processes.
\u2022 Printed catalyst showed higher NH\u2083\u00a0conversion than conventional powder catalyst.
\u2022 AM as an effective intensification route for plasma catalytic H\u2082\u00a0generation.<\/p>\n
3D-printed catalyst; Direct ink writing; Plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition; Iron-based catalyst; Hydrogen production<\/p>\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcou.2026.103350<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/GA-1024x531.jpg\")
<\/strong><\/p>\n
Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising energy carriers, allowing for more sustainable and efficient energy solutions. However, hydrogen storage remains a formidable challenge in utilizing hydrogen to generate clean energy. To overcome these challenges, various hydrogen-based storage materials have been explored. Ammonia is currently regarded as a preeminent candidate due to its high hydrogen content and energy density. Herein, we report the development of a cobalt-based catalyst loaded with barium and neodymium oxide promoters, featuring an inverse oxide\/metal configuration, for hydrogen-based fuels production. Unlike conventional supported catalysts, in which the metal is dispersed on the support, the inverse catalyst design involves loading promoters onto the metal, forming an oxide-on-metal structure with enhanced metal\u2013oxide interfacial interactions. The developed catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis, outperforming the commercial fused iron catalyst. Moreover, it exhibited superior performance in ammonia decomposition and carbon oxides hydrogenation, confirming its versatility. Comprehensive characterization studies have revealed that the inverse oxide\/metal structure induces strong electronic interactions between cobalt and promoter oxides, facilitating reactant activation and thereby improving catalytic performance. This study demonstrates that the inverse oxide\/metal design represents a rational strategy for developing efficient catalysts, offering a pathway toward sustainable hydrogen-based fuels production under environmentally friendly conditions.<\/p>\n
\u2022 A novel BaO\/Nd<\/span>2<\/sub><\/span>O<\/span>3<\/sub><\/span>\/Co catalyst with an inverse oxide\/metal configuration.<\/span>
\u2022 A superior catalyst for NH<\/span>3<\/sub><\/span>\u00a0synthesis and decomposition, and CO<\/span>x<\/em><\/sub><\/span>\u00a0hydrogenation.<\/span>
\u2022 An inverse oxide\/metal configuration enables strong electronic interactions.<\/span>
\u2022 A promising catalyst design strategy for low-carbon hydrogen-based fuels production.<\/span><\/p>\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cattod.2025.115611<\/a>.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/publications-2026-1.png\")
<\/p>\n
Developing efficient ammonia synthesis catalysts is key to reducing energy consumption and improving sustainability. This study explores barium-promoted cobalt catalysts supported on lanthanide oxides (La\u2082O\u2083, Nd\u2082O\u2083, Sm\u2082O\u2083, Eu\u2082O\u2083, Gd\u2082O\u2083) to understand how support choice influences catalytic performance. The catalysts were characterised using techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and temperature-programmed desorption (H\u2082-TPD, CO\u2082-TPD). Testing under industrially relevant conditions (400\u2013470\u00b0C, 6.3\u202fMPa, H\u2082\/N\u2082 = 3) revealed that lanthanide oxides strongly affect catalysts’ activity, reducibility, and hydrogen adsorption. Among the tested catalysts, the La\u2082O\u2083-supported system exhibited the highest ammonia synthesis activity, likely due to its favorable hydrogen sorption properties and larger active phase surface area available for hydrogen (31 m\u00b2\u00b7gCo\u207b\u00b9). These findings highlight the potential of lanthanide oxides as supports and the importance of barium as a promoter in cobalt-based catalysts for ammonia synthesis.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Lanthanide oxides as supports influence catalyst activity in ammonia synthesis.
\u2022 Ba-Co\/La\u2082O\u2083 shows highest activity due to H\u2082 activation and larger active area.
\u2022 Support type impacts Co reducibility, H\u2082 adsorption, and active site formation.<\/p>\n
Ammonia synthesis; Barium promotion; Cobalt catalysts; Lanthanide oxides<\/p>\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cattod.2025.115535<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/publications-2026-2.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
2025<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cattod.2025.115342<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/publications-2025-1.png\")
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https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10973-025-14354-x<\/a><\/p>\n2024<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcou.2024.102699<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/publications-2024-1.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcou.2024.102755<\/a><\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/GA_2024.gif\")
<\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/techcat.ch.pw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/publications-2024-3.png\")
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